With the authors of 1 Enoch, 4 Ezra, and 2 Baruch, and also with Jesus from Nazareth, the Odist perceives present crises in terms of the promising world above and the world to come. With the early Jewish apocalypticists, he imagines ascending into heaven and seeing the world below: “I went up into the light of Truth as into a chariot, / And Truth led me and allowed me to proceed” (Ode 38:1). The Odes were composed before documents were collected into
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